Governance Indicator Ranking Results
	Healthy Reefs for Healthy People
	Governance Issue	Governance questions	Indicator	Criteria I	Criteria II	Criteria III	Criteria IV	Criteria V
				Relevance to the MAR	Data Availability	Scientific Soundness	Management responsiveness	Transparency and Understandability
	1. Land tenure	Who owns the land?	Population enjoying secure tenure over traditional lands and offshore resources (%)
			Population maintaining traditional tenure/ownership rights (%)	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD
			Population with regulated users rights (%)
	2. Gender equality	Are rights/licenses to offshore resources, including fishing rights, being distributed fairly?	Rights/licenses to offshore resources, including fishing rights, distributed to local people (%)	High	Moderate	Moderate	High	High
			Rights/licenses to offshore resources, including fishing rights, distributed to others (%)	High	Moderate	Moderate	High	High
		Are resource utilization conflicts being resolved effectively?	Known resource utilization conflicts resolved through voluntary agreements (%)	High	Moderate	Moderate	High	High
			Known resource utilization conflicts resolved through law enforcement (%)	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	High	High
			Known resource utilization conflicts unresolved (%)	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	High	High
		Is education accessible regardless of gender and/or socio-economic status?	Increase in no. of girls registered in primary schools	High	High	High	High	High
			Changes in drop-out rate by socio-economic grouping and gender	High	High	High	High	High
		Are gender issues such as women's empowerment being addressed?	Positions in local government held by women (%)	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	High	Moderate
			Men and women registered as voters in local elections (%)	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	High	High
			Attendance at stakeholder meetings by  gender (%)	High	Low	Moderate	Moderate	High
			Level of contribution at stakeholder meetings by gender (%)	High	Low	Moderate	Moderate	High
			Number of women in local institutions (associations)	High	Low	Moderate	Moderate	High
			Number of groups promoting women's rights	High	High	High	High	High
			Changes in employment/ unemployment rate of women and men	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	High	High
			Changes in percentage of property owned by men and women	High	High	Moderate	High	High
	3. Land/off shore resource planning	What is the level of government support for local participation in land use and aquatic resource planning?	Level of government support for local participation in land use and aquatic resource planning:  mandatory	High	High	High	High	High
			Level of government support for local participation in land use and aquatic resource planning:  non-mandatory	High	High	High	High	High
		Are stakeholder meetings improving in frequency/effectiveness?	Over time changes in frequency of stakeholder meetings by invitation	Moderate	Low	Moderate	High	High
			Over time changes in frequency of stakeholder meetings as public hearings	Moderate	Low	Moderate	High	High
			Over time changes in frequency of level of attendance at stakeholder meetings	Moderate	Low	Moderate	High	High
		How is information policy affecting resource planning?	Information policy: regulatory obligation	High	High	Moderate	High	High
			Information policy: non regulatory applied practice	High	Moderate	Moderate	High	High
			Information policy: planning phases	High	High	Moderate	High	High
			Information policy: Regulations on access to information about the environment	High	High	Moderate	High	High
		What is the impact of Environmental Impact Assessment report (EIA) on resource planning?	Environmental Impact Assessment report(EIA): Lead time and form of public notification	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	High	High
			Environmental Impact Assessment report(EIA):  Degree of engagement of affected parties	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	High	High
			Environmental Impact Assessment report(EIA):  Lead time for public comments on draft EIA	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	High	High
			Environmental Impact Assessment report(EIA):  Comprehensiveness of consultation with affected parties and the public	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	High	High
	4.  Minority rights	How are minority rights being addressed?	Provisions in the legal system for fundamental rights and freedoms.	High	High	Moderate	High	High
			Legislation with requirements of the UN declaration on Rights for Indigenous People	High	High	Moderate	Moderate	High
			Provisions for protecting the rights of indigenous people in the management of the coastal zone resources.	High	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	High
	Ranking results are adapted from: Maffi et al., draft report for World Bank (2004).