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Cultural Indicator Ranking Results |
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Healthy
Reefs for Healthy People |
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Cultural Issue |
Cultural questions |
Indicator |
Criteria I |
Criteria II |
Criteria III |
Criteria IV |
Criteria V |
Comments |
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Relevance to the MAR |
Data Availability |
Scientific Soundness |
Management responsiveness |
Transparency and Understandability |
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1.
State of indigenous/local languages and traditional knowledge |
Is traditional knowledge (i.e., local languages,
ethnic knowledge & skills) being passed to future generations? |
Number of children learning and speaking indigenous/local
language |
Moderate |
Moderate |
Moderate |
High |
Moderate |
In general, transmission of language correlates positively with
transmission and maintenance of cultural knowledge, including knowledge about
the environment and related use and management practices. |
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Surveys on persistence of ethnobiological/ethnoecological
knowledge and skills |
High |
TBD |
High |
High |
High |
The persistence and continued adaptation of traditional
ecological knowledge and skills is an essential component of socio-ecological
sustainability. The methodologies for measuring and assessing the state of
TEK are just beginning to be developed. |
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2.
Traditional livelihoods & subsistence practices |
Are traditional livelihoods & subsistence practices being
affected? |
Percentage of income deriving from traditional
livelihoods/subsistence practices (fishing, agriculture, animal husbandry) |
High |
High |
High |
High |
High |
The assumption is that traditional economies have tended to be
more compatible with sustaining ecosystem functions. |
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3.
Traditional cultural beliefs and practices leading to sustainable resource
use |
How are traditional beliefs and practices affecting/improving
sustainable resource use? |
Surveys on traditional restrictions/regulations over resource
use (sacred sites, taboos, etc.) |
High |
TBD |
Moderate |
Moderate |
High |
The existence of such beliefs and practices can be very
supportive of conservation goals. |
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4. Access to
traditional land and aquatic natural resources |
Has access to traditional land and aquatic natural resources
changed? |
Percentage of population having access to traditional land and
aquatic environments and resources |
High |
TBD |
High |
High |
High |
Access to land and aquatic natural resources is one of the most
essential conditions for the maintenance of traditional
livelihoods/subsistence practices. |
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5. Land and offshore
tenure/ownership systems |
Who owns the land? |
Percentage of population maintaining traditional
tenure/ownership systems |
High |
TBD |
High |
Moderate |
High |
An important indicator to the extent that traditional tenure/ownership systems are tied to
sustainable livelihoods and resource management. |
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Percentage of population enjoying secure tenure over traditional
lands and offshore resources |
High |
TBD |
High |
High |
High |
A key condition for continued access to traditional
land/offshore resources and for maintaining sustainable practices. |
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6. Intergenerational
residency in local area |
Does intergenerational residency in local areas help
sustainability? |
Percentage of households that have been in place for two
generations of more |
High |
High |
Moderate |
Moderate |
Moderate |
The assumption is that length of residency of a household
correlates with knowledge of the environment and sustainable use. |
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7. Out-migration |
How is migration affecting sustainability & livelihoods? |
Percentage of population migrating to urban centers or other
countries |
High |
High |
High |
Moderate |
High |
Outmigration tends to disrupt traditional family and community
structures and may negatively affect sustainable resource use. |
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8.
Maintenance of cultural identity in the face of "modernization" and
mass tourism |
Are we losing our cultural identity to globalization and
modernization? |
Percentage of households maintaining traditional practices with
respect to significant social/religious activities/ceremonies |
High |
TBD |
Moderate |
Moderate |
Moderate |
This is a general indicator of cultural cohesiveness. If such
practices are directly or indirectly related to sustainable management of
natural resources, their persistence can be positive for conservation. |
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Ranking results are adapted from: Maffi et al.,
draft report for World Bank (2004). |
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© Healthy Reefs for Healthy
People |
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