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TA B L E

CONTENTS

OF

Preface

...................................................................................................................................................... vi

Foreword

..................................................................................................................................................... vii

Acknowledgements................................................................................................................................................. viii

1.  The Mesoamerican Reef and Its People ......................................................................................................... 1

2.  Historical Context.............................................................................................................................................. 2

3.  What Is A Healthy Reef? .................................................................................................................................. 4

4.  The Healthy Reefs Framework......................................................................................................................... 5

5.  Selecting Indicators .......................................................................................................................................... 6

6.  Baselines and Reference Values ..................................................................................................................... 8

7.  Indicator Profiles ............................................................................................................................................ 10

Ecosystem Structure Indicators (S)........................................................................................................ 11

Biodiversity ...................................................................................................................................... 12

S1 - Coral Diversity .................................................................................................................... 14

S2 - Fish Diversity ...................................................................................................................... 16

S3 - Focal Species Abundance† ............................................................................................... 18

Community Structure ...................................................................................................................... 20

S4 - Coral Cover†........................................................................................................................ 22

S5 - Coral:Algae Ratio................................................................................................................ 22

S6 - Fish Abundance† ................................................................................................................ 24

S7 - Rugosity .............................................................................................................................. 26

Abiotic .............................................................................................................................................. 28

S8 - Water Quality: Temperature, Salinity, Transparency†....................................................... 30

S9 - Ocean Color (remote sensing).......................................................................................... 32

S10 - Sedimentation Rate ......................................................................................................... 34

Habitat Extent ................................................................................................................................. 36

S11 - Coral Reef Areal Extent ................................................................................................... 38

S12 - Mangrove Areal Extent† ................................................................................................... 40

S13 - Seagrass Areal Extent ..................................................................................................... 42

Ecosystem Function Indicators (F) ......................................................................................................... 44

Reproduction And Recruitment....................................................................................................... 45

F1 - Coral Recruitment† ............................................................................................................. 46

F2 - Fish Recruitment ................................................................................................................ 48

F3 - Coral Size Frequency.......................................................................................................... 50

F4 - Fish Size Frequency............................................................................................................ 52

Coral Condition ............................................................................................................................... 54

F5 - Coral Mortality†................................................................................................................... 56

F6 - Coral Disease ..................................................................................................................... 58

F7 - Coral Bleaching .................................................................................................................. 60

Reef Accretion And Bioerosion ...................................................................................................... 62

F8 - Coral Growth....................................................................................................................... 64

F9 - Bioeroders on Coral ........................................................................................................... 66

F10 - Reef Accretion .................................................................................................................. 68

Herbivory ......................................................................................................................................... 70

F11 - Herbivorous Fish Abundance† ......................................................................................... 72

F12 - Diadema Abundance† .......................................................................................................74

F13 - Fleshy Macroalgal Index† ................................................................................................. 76

F14 - Fish Bite Rates ................................................................................................................. 78

F15 - Green Turtle Abundance .................................................................................................. 80

iv